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CHARTER 



OF THE 



CARROLL WHITE SULPHUR SPRL\G 



COMPANY 



IN ALLEGANY COUNTY, MARYLAND, 



WITH A 



SCIENTIFIC REPORT 



UPON THE 



SITUATION, PROPERTIES, COMPOSITION, &c. OF THE SPRINGS. 







B ALTIM ORE : 



PRINTED BY JOHN D. TOY 



>iK 



1838. 






K.^^ 



TO THE PUBLIC. 



The undersigned commissioners appointed at the last 
session of the Legislature to carry into effect the charter of 
the Carroll White Sulphur Spring Company in Allegany 
county, desire to call the attention of the public to the charter 
incorporating the Company, and to the Report made to them 
by Professor Fisher, of the University of Maryland, and 
Mr. George W. Andrews, who were selected by them as 
gentlemen of competent scientific attainments to visit the 
springs, examine into their capability of improvement, the 
properties of their waters, and such other topics of interest 
as might occur. 

The terms upon which the organization of the Company is 
proposed are sufficiently explained by the copy of the Charter 
hereto annexed, and the sum proposed to be raised by subscrip- 
tion it is believed will be fully sufficient to purchase and 
improve the springs, and render them every way worthy of 
public patronage and resort. While other springs of the same 
character are placed by nature at a distance from us, and are 
only to be reached by a fatiguing journey of several days 
by land, these springs are by the same bountiful Providence, 
located within an easy journey of two days ride from Balti- 
more, and may ere long be visited, without the danger or 
fatigue of crossing a single mountain. The country in which 
they are situated is in every way calculated, for the erection of 
an establishment for agreeable and healthy resort, and no 
climate during the summer can offer greater advantages, as 



regards purity of air and exemption from disease, than that 
of the mountain territory of our own state in which lh«^e 
springs have their rise. As regards their composition, and 
medicinal effect the commissioners refer with perfect confi- 
dence to the annexed report made to them by the gentlemen 
who visited them and examined their waters, and indeed for 
most of the particulars respecting them, a satisfactory reference 
may be made to that report. 

In calling therefore public attention to the enterprise and 
soliciting the aid of their fellow-citizens to enable them to 
commence and complete the improvement of these springs the 
commissioners feel assured, that they need but be known to 
be duly appreciated. With this brief notice the commissioners 
refer those who may feel interested in the success of the 
undertaking to the annexed documents, which they believe 
will fully satisfy any one of the propriety and feasibility of 
adding this proposed watering place to the numerous estab- 
lishments already existing, and inviting the support of the 
public. 



WM. CARROLL, 
JACOB G. DAVIES, 
JAMES HARWOOD, 
RICHARD CATON, 
GUSTAV W. LURMAN, 
JOHN THOMAS, 



}■ Commissioners. 



CHARTER. 



A BILL, 

ENTITLED, AN ACT TO INCORPORATE 

'THE CARROLL WHITE SULPHUR SPRING COMPANY,' 

IN ALLEGANF COUNTY". 



Whereas, it has been represented to the General Assembly 
of Maryland, that a valuable white sulphur spring, has been 
recently discovered in Allegany county, on the lands of Wil- 
liam Carroll, and that sundry citizens are desirous by a contri- 
bution of capital, to improve the same for the purpose of 
making it a convenient and healthful resort for the good citi- 
zens of Maryland, and it appears proper and reasonable that 
encouragement should be given to so laudable an object, — 
therefore : 

Section. L Be it enacted hy the General Assembly of 
Maryland, That William Carroll, James Harwood, Gustav W. 
Lurman, Jacob G. Davies, Richard Caton, and John Thomas, 
and all and every person or persons who may become sub- 
scribers in the manner hereinafter prescribed, shall be and 
they are hereby incorporated by the name of 'The Carroll 
White Sulphur Spring Company' in Allegany county, for the 
purpose of improving the spring and land to be purchased as 
hereinafter mentioned, by the erection of such buildings, and 
laying out the grounds in such manner as may be most con- 
ducive to the general object of providing for a healthful, com- 
modious and elegant watering place in Allegany county, and 
making all contracts and purchases necessary ibr that purpose, 
and generally to do and perform such acts, and make such 
contracts as may be necessary for keeping the said spring or 
watering place, and the lands which may be purchased as 
2 



aforesaid, in proper condition for the reception of company, 
either by renting out the same, or managing all the concerns 
of the company themselves, or by a committee, as may be 
deemed most advantageous •, provided, the said company shall 
at no time purchase, liold, or possess more than five hundred 
acres of land, and shall not at any time dig on, or in the said 
land for coal, iron, or other mineral, nor authorize any person, 
or persons to do so ; and by the said name, the said company 
shall have succession, may sue and be sued, and may have a 
common seal to be altered at their pleasure, and for purposes 
aforesaid may, under the restrictions herein mentioned, exer- 
cise the powers generally incident to corporations. 

Sec. 2. And be it enacted, That the capital stock of said 
company shall consist of five hundred shares of one hundred 
dollars each, of which the said spring, and so much of the 
land of the said William Carroll surrounding or adjacent 
thereto, not exceeding five hundred acres as aforesaid, as may 
be deemed necessary for the purposes of this corporation, shall 
be and constitute a part, at such price as may be fixed by said 
commissioners with the consent of the said Carroll, and which 
shall be made known by the commissioners authorized to 
receive subscriptions to the capital stock of said company at or 
before the time of subscribing. And the said commissioners 
shall have power to purchase the said spring and the land afore- 
said for cash, or on credit, and to bind the company to pay for 
the same in stock, or partly in stock, and partly in money, as 
may be deemed most advantageous. And the terms of said pur- 
chase shall be made known at or before the lime of subscribing 
as aforesaid, and the president and directors of said company 
shall have power from time to time, to increase the said capital 
stock to such an amount, not exceeding in all, one thousand 
shares, as may be found necessary for the purposes of this 
incorporation, and they may either open books for the purpose 
of receiving subscriptions to such portion of the original stock 
as may not have been subscribed for before their appointment, 
or to the additional stock, or they may sell the said stock, or 
any part thereof, upon such terms as they may deem reasona- 
ble; provided, it siiall in no case be sold for less than the par 
value thereof. 



Sec. 3. And be it enacted, Tlial the subscriptions to the 
capital stock of said company, shall be received under the 
direction of WiUiam Carroll, James Harwood, Gustav W. 
Lurman, Jacob G. Davies, Richard Caton, and John Thomas, 
acting as commissioners, who, or any person or persons whom 
they may select for that purpose, are hereby autiiorized to 
receive the same at such time or times, and in such place or 
places as the majority of them may determine, and of which at 
least ten days notice shall be given, and each subscriber shall 
at the time of subscribing, pay to the commissioners, or any 
person or persons whom they may appoint for the purpose of 
receiving subscriptions as aforesaid, such sum of money as a 
majority of said commissioners may appoint before giving 
notice as aforesaid, and specify in said notice ; but the presi- 
dent and directors of the said company shall make no contract 
for any purpose whatsoever, until at least ten thousand dollars 
shall have been paid, over and above such sum as may have 
been agreed to be paid to the said William Carroll, as the pur- 
chase money, or any part of the purchase money, or conside- 
ration for the spring and lands herein before mentioned. 

Sec. 4. And be it enacted, That the management of the 
business and concerns of said company shall be vested in five 
directors, who shall be stockholders and citizens of the United 
States, any three of whom shall be a quorum for the transac- 
tion of business ; and the first board of said directors shall be 
elected by the subscribers, under the direction and superinten- 
dence of the commissioners aforesaid, at such time and place 
as they may designate, giving at least twenty days notice 
thereof in some newspaper published in Baltimore, and the 
subsequent election of directors shall be made annually there- 
after, and after like previous notice, at a general meeting of the 
stockholders to be convened for that purpose, at such time and 
place as may be fixed by the by-laws of said company, and if 
any election shall not be made at the time it ought to be made, 
such election may be made after a like notice, at any time 
within six months thereafter, and the president and directors 
for the time being, shall hold and exercise their respective 
offices until a new election is made, and in all elections, and 
on all questions touching the business or concerns of the said 
company, each share shall be entitled to one vote. 



Sec. 5. And be it enacted, That every board of directors of 
said company shall, at their first meeting after their election, or 
as soon thereafter as may be practicable, appoint one of their 
own body to be president of the said company, and shall, in like 
manner, appoint such officers or agents as they may deem 
necessary for managing the affairs of the company, who shall 
hold their offices at the pleasure of the president and directors, 
and shall give such security as may be prescribed by the by- 
laws of said company ; and every officer and director of said 
company may be required by the by-laws thereof to take an 
oath or affirmation, as the case may be, faithfully and honestly 
to perform the duties of his office. 

Sec. 6. And be it enacted, That the capital stock of said 
company shall be deemed personal property, and the shares of 
said stock may be transferred on the books of said company, 
in such manner as its by-laws may direct ; but all debts due 
to the company by the stockholder wanting to make a transfer, 
and all outstanding engagements on which he is then liable 
to the said company, shall be paid or satisfied before any 
transfer can be made, and before any dividends can be paid 
for the same, except by the special permission of the president 
and directors ; and when the company shall be organized, the 
amount due upon the subscription to the capital stock shall be 
paid in instalments, at such times as the president and direc- 
tors shall appoint, giving thirty days notice of the time when 
the same shall be payable, in at least one newspaper published 
in the city of Baltimore, and in such other places as they may 
think proper; and in default of the payment of any instalment, 
the president and directors may offer and sell at public sale, 
so many of the shares in default as may be sufficient to dis- 
charge the sum due on the same, and the purchaser shall hold 
the same, subject to the same regulations and with the same 
rights as if they had been originally subscribed for by him. 

Sec. 7. And he it enacted, That, if either of said commis- 
sioners should die, resign, or refuse to act, his or their place 
may be supplied by the remainder. 

Sec. 8. And be it enacted, That this act of incorporation 
shall be and continue in full force and effect for thirty years 
and afterwards, until the same shall be repealed by the Gene- 
ral Assembly. 



We hereby certify, that the aforegoing is a true copy of the 
original law, which passed both branches of the Legislature of 
Maryland at December session, 183T. 

Given under our hands at the city of Annapolis, this ISth 
day of May, 1S3S. 

GEORGE G. BREWER, 
Clerk of the House of Delegates of Maryland. 

JOSEPH H. NICHOLSON, 

Clerk of the Senate of Maryland. 



REPORT 



OF THE 



ExaniinatioJi and Analysis of the Carroll White Sulphur 
Springs, in Allegany county. By Professor Fisher and 
Mr. Andrews, made by appointment of the Commissioners. 



GENTLEMEN: 

The undersigned, in compliance with your request, 
to visit 'the Carroll White Sulphur Springs,' in Allegany 
county, for the purpose of examining their qualities, situation, 
and generally, into the feasibility and inducements for their 
improvement, and introduction to public notice and confidence, 
respectfully submit the annexed results of their inquiries and 
observations, obtained during a personal visit to the Springs, 
within the past week. 

Their attention was particularly directed to a careful and 
minute examination of the locality, — readiness of access, — 
capability of improvement, — the quality of the waters, both as 
regards their chemical composition and action on the system, 
their temperature, as well as the quantity of water which they 
are capable of furnishing for the consumption of those who 
may hereafter visit them, if improved. Under each of these 
heads, then, the undersigned propose to detail the facts which 
they observed, and the conclusions at which they have arrived, 
premising however, a description of the locality, by a general 
notice of the Springs themselves. 

These Springs are four in number, designated at present, as 
numbers one, two, three, and four — all of them flowing through 
fissures in a slate rock, which appears to constitute the sub- 
stratum of the entire valley in which ihe Springs are situated. 



11 

Three of them, numbers two, three, and four, have their issues 
or basins near each other, within an area of thirty or forty feet 
in diameter, while the other, number one, is distant from these 
-abput two hundred yards. The rock, however, from which 
they flow is precisely the same in all of them. Numbers one 
and three, rise through rocks, which are situated in the course 
of a small branch, which serves to drain the valley, and which 
during rainy seasojis, occasionally overflows their basins, espe- 
cially after heavy rains, but which we are assured by persons 
of the neighbourhood, was so nearly dry during the summer 
months, as never to rise within some distance of them. 
Owing to the cause just stated, during our visit, the Springs, 
numbers one and three, were overflowed by the waters of the 
branch, and although we made some eff(:)rt to drain off" the 
branch water from their basins, our success was but partial. 
We were, however, enabled so far to separate the branch water 
from that issuing from the Springs, as to recognize distinctly, 
the sulphur water; and to ascertain their temperature with 
suflicient exactness to induce us to believe, that they owe 
their origin and supply to the same subterranean reservoir as 
number two, whose character at this lime, was decided and 
distinct. 

Our examinations and attention were particularly directed 
to number two, from the circumstance of its being so situated, 
as not to be liable to the difficulties and embarrassment, wiiich 
existed in the case of numbers one and three. This spring 
has its issue some distance, say, thirty or forty feet from the 
margin of the branch, and is at all times free from inundation. 
It rises from the same slate rock, and preserving its perfect 
transparency and limpidity, in the small basin which has been 
excavated around it, flows off" through a channel, upon which, 
immediately after leaving its basin, it commences to deposite 
the peculiar while material, from which the characteristic title 
of 'White Sulphur' is derived. This deposite we found in 
great abundance in the bed of the stream proceeding from this 
spring. The taste at once indicates the character of this 
spring as a sulphur water, which corroborated by the appear- 
ance of the copious deposite, leaves no doubt upon the mind 
of the visitor, that the spring before him is honestly entitled 
to the denomination of a 'White Sulphur Spring.' From this 



12 

spring was obtained the water, subsequently subjected to 
analysis, and by which its constituents were determined. A 
prior and preliminary analysis of all the springs, except num- 
ber four, made by one of the undersigned, had sufficieiitly 
established the identity in composition of all of them. 

Number four is situated within ten or twelve feet of number 
two, and was only discovered and opened during the last visit of 
the undersigned. It had been covered by a morass or swamp, 
so that its free flow was completely arrested, and no opportu- 
nity had been aflbrded it, of manifesting its peculiar character 
by the formation of the white deposite. This swampy cover- 
ing of the rock, from which number four issues, had been the 
resort of deer, or a 'lick' as it is commonly termed, as we had 
evidence of their recent presence at it, before the rock was 
cleared. The removal of this swampy material, and the sub- 
sequent excavation of a basin, rendered the water so very tur- 
bid and unfit for drinking, that we had no opportunity of com- 
paring its taste and effects, with those of the other springs. 
We have no doubt, however, of its characters being precisely 
the same with those of number two, from the circumstances, 
that it rises from the same rock, and corresponds with it in 
temperature.* 

We were informed by Leonard Shirchff, Esq. a most 
respectable and credible citizen of the neighbourhood, that 
these springs had long been objects of regard and places of 
resort by the numerous hunters, who frequent the valley in 
pursuit of game ; and that they especially valued spring, num- 

* Since the above report was written, we have received a letter from L. Shir- 
clifF, Esq. informing us that he had visited spring number four, and found it per- 
fectly clear and transparent, but no appearance of the white deposite as in that 
alongside, (number two,) it appeared as strong to the taste of sulphur as the other 
spring. He represents the efiect of the water from this spring, as very powerful, 
occasioning a sensation of nausea, and conveying a similar impression to that 
produced by swallowing a dose of salts, — a piece of silver coin he found was ren- 
dered almost perfectly black, in about thirty minutes. He further states, 'I do 
not think it flows quite as strong as the one by the side of it, but I have not the 
smallest doubt but its medicinal properties are veiy powerful. The spot where 
the spring is, is the precise spot to which the deer resorted.' 

From this account of Mr. Shircliff, it appears that our anticipations respecting 
this spring have been realized, although scarcely enough time had been allowed for 
the formation of a sufficient quantity of the white deposite. The quantity of 
water which it furnishes, is also estimated at rather less than we had deemed it. 



13 

ber one, attributing to it very deci'ded medicinal properties. 
Mr. Shircliff himself, also bore testimony of the effect of the 
Avaters on his own person, and one of the undersigned could 
perceive a marked action on his own system, after the use of 
four or five tumblers of the water. From Mr. Siiircliff 
we also learned, that during the dry weather of July and 
August, the odour of sulphur was distinctly perceptible, some 
distance to the leeward of the Springs, and although this odour 
was not perceptible during our visit, we can readily attribute 
the absence of it, to the heavy rains, which for weeks preced- 
ing and during our visit had completely saturated the valley 
with water, causing the branch before alluded to, to overflow, 
and entirely to absorb within its own waters, all the sulphur 
water flowing from the Springs, numbers one and three, situ- 
ated within its bed. 

During the subsidence of the branch beneath their basins, 
Mr. S. informed us. Sulphur Springs, numbers one and three, 
furnish a copious coat of the white deposite, by which their 
identity with number two, is fully established, and the resem- 
blance shown by their analysis, practically corroborated. 

'The Carroll White Sulphur Springs' are situated on the 
estate of William Carroll, Esq. of Allegany county, of this 
state, about equidistant from the great western turnpike and 
the Potomac river, within nine or ten miles of Flintstone, and 
eighteen or twenty miles above Hancock. This locality the 
undersigned consider a very advantageous one, should they 
hereafter become places of resort ; the valley in which they 
rise being almost a perfect level, and easy of access to either 
of the three great avenues of communication to the West, the 
Chesapeake and Ohio canal, Baltimore and Ohio rail road, 
and the present turnpike road to Cumberland. This valley 
is found at the foot of the western slope of Green Ridge, a 
subordinate mountain chain immediately west of Town hill. 
It is drained by the tributaries of 'Fifteen mile creek,' and the 
creek itself flows for a considerable distance through it, until 
it reaches a gap near the Springs, through which it passes, in 
its course towards the Potomac. 

The distance from Baltimore to the Springs is about one 
hundred and nineteen miles ; one hundred and fifteen or six- 
3 



14 

teen of which are on the present main route to Cumberland, 
and the remainder of the distance along the valley of 'Fifteen 
mile creek,' to the gap already mentioned, when, instead of 
pursuing the creek, the road turns toward the west, and 
ascends the valley of 'Rock Lick run,' a considerable stream", 
one of whose sources is the branch so frequently mentioned 
as containing within its bed the rocks from which two of the 
springs flow. Through this whole distance after leaving the 
turnpike, a most beautiful and romantic ride may be accom- 
plished, the rise of the valley being so gentle as to present to 
the eye the appearance of a level plain. 

From the Potomac a most excellent and well-graded road 
may be constructed. Passing over Town Hill, through the. 
gap of Fifteen mile creek, and gently descending on one of its 
numerous spurs, it may cross Green Ridge at a moderate 
height, whence a gentle slope may be obtained that will con- 
duct the traveller without inconvenience and in perfect safety 
to the Springs. 

From this road one of the most grand and romantic views 
may be obtained which perhaps the country affords. From 
the top of Town Hill are seen on one hand the mountains of 
Pennsylvania, cultivated to their summits, and on the other, 
beyond the valley of the Potomac, whose waters irrigate, and 
bound acres of cultivated farms, during their tortuous and 
meandering flow, appear the distant mountain ranges of Vir- 
ginia, clad in the deep blue haze, with which distance and 
elevation invest them. 

Looking through the gap in an easterly direction, Sideling 
Hill and the Great Cacapon bound the horizon with their 
summits ; and toward the west are seen ridge upon ridge of 
mountain tops, until the view is closed by the remote ranges 
above Cumberland, some thirty or thirty-five miles distant. 

One decided advantage which the locality of these springs 
affords is the practicability of reaching them by the canal, by 
means of which the invalid and timorous may reach them, 
unexposed to the fatigue, inconvenience, or fancied danger of 
mountain travelling. 

The course of the valley in which the Springs are situated 
is in common with that of all our mountain ranges, north-east 
and south-west ; it is about four miles in length, and has an 



lU 



average breadth of perhaps one hundred feet; it is well 
wooded with oaks of different species, lofty pines, and the 
spruce tree; the sugar maple is also suQicicntly abundant to 
supply the material for a 'sugar camp,' distant about two 
miles from the Springs. Various fossils and the fossil impres- 
sions of shells are found in the rocks, affording to the geologist 
,an agreeable source of interest and study. 

Numerous rounded and gently sloping knolls or spurs sur- 
round the springs, upon which at almost any desirable eleva- 
tion may be erected cottages or cabins for the accommodation 
of the company who may seek the sanative properties of the 
.waters, and who, while thus elevated above the fogs of the 
• valley, will enjoy the bracing and healthful breezes from the 
west, which prevail during the summer months in this climate. 
The character for health which this section of country enjoys 
is so well established, that it is deemed superfluous to dwell 
upon it here. 

The approach to the Springs from the west, is equally 
favourable with that from the east, and may be accomplished 
by either the turnpike, canal, or rail road. This valley of 
Rock Lick run, in which the springs are situated, was once 
suggested as a route for the Baltimore and Ohio rail road, 
and experimental lines and levels were run throughout its 
whole length, within a short distance of the springs. The 
near proximity of these springs to the celebrated Bedford 
Springs, the undersigned conceive to be another favourable 
feature of their locality, as an opportunity is thus afforded to 
those who frequent the latter, either to commence or terminate 
their course of treatment with the use of sulphur waters. 

As regards capability of improvement, so that the Springs 
may be rendered an agreeable place of resort, the undersigned 
will only undertake to express their own views, without sug 
gesting or prescribing any exercise of that faculty, about whose 
action there can be no argument. So far as they are capable 
of judging, they are of opinion that this valley and its sur- 
rounding hills are as capable of ornamental improvement and 
decoration, as any spot of the kind which can be found. 

Ravines and spurs of gentle elevation offer every facility for 
beautiful paths and roads, and afford means of easy access to 



16 

the summit of the neighbouring mountains, upon which level 
roads for miles in length may be opened : and the beautifully 
rounded knoUs, which radiate from the immediate vicinity of 
the Springs, offer beautiful and eligible sites for the erection of 
cottages, and accommodations for the visitors. 

From the bank, not far above the source of number two, 
rises a clear stream of ordinary spring water, which is believed 
to be permanent, and which from its capacity and temperatum 
would furnish a supply of drinking water of agreeable coolness 
and flavour for those whose palates and condition may require 
an unmedicated draught. 

Tiie flow from the four sulphur springs would furnish sul- 
phur water adequate for the supply of the necessary number of 
medicated baths, and it is believed that springs may be ob- 
tained in the neighbourhood, sufilcient to furnish the ordinary 
warm and cold bathing establishments required for the comfort 
of the guests. 

The Springs are situated in the neighbourhood of a fertile 
and cultivated district, from which supplies of agricultural 
produce may be obtained ; and the mountains in the vicinity 
abound in game, such as deer, pheasants, partridges, &c. &.c. 
from which many of the delicacies of the table may be fur- 
nished. Materials of other descriptions for the use of a nume- 
rous company, can be readily conveyed to this spot from Balti- 
more, either by the canal, rail road, or turnpike, as upon either 
of these routes they come within a few miles of the Springs. 

It is deemed proper to state here, that the course of the 
branch may be so changed as to place springs numbers one 
and three entirely beyond the reach of its waters, and thus at 
all seasons they will be rendered exempt from overflow. 

Of the quality of these springs, the undersigned feel more 
capable of judging, and expressing an opinion, than upon 
either of the other branches of their inquiry, and they now lay 
before you the conclusions at which they have arrived, under 
two heads : 1st. The Chemical composition of the water — 
2d. The Medicinal effect. 

Chemically these waters are regarded as holding in combi- 
nation sulphuretted hydrogen gas, beside several saline com- 
pounds, which contribute by their action to the effect of the 



17 

gas. Ill tliis respect they resemble many other springs, both 
of this country and Europe; but their resemblance to the 
great White Sulphur Spring, of Greenbrier county, Virginia, 
is perhaps more close, than to any other springs of great 
resort. A few words will explain the cause of the formation 
of the white deposite to which these springs owe their peculiar 
name of White Sulphur. The sulphuretted hydrogen gas, 
upon the access of the water to the air, has a great tendency 
. to escape from its combination, and itself to undergo decom- 
position ; from this results the separation of the sulphur from 
the water, and its consequent deposition upon the bed of the 
stream, along with some salts which are no longer soluble in 
consequence of the escape of the gases by which they were 
held in combination, and hence we have the white deposite 
consisting of sulphur, sulphate, and carbonate of lime. 

So far as this resemblance holds the Carroll White Sulphur 
Springs, may be considered as very analogous to, if not iden- 
tical in composition with the Virginia spring, and we do not 
think it venturing too far to anticipate from this analogy of 
composition, similar action in the relief of disease. 

The analysis of the 'White Sulphur,' by Prof Rogers, has 
never been communicated to the public, under the sanction of 
his name, and we are therefore, unable to institute an exact 
comparison between it and the Carroll Springs. The only 
source from which a knowledge of its composition has reached 
us, is the popular and widely circulated volume of letters from 
the Virginia Springs by P. Prolix, whence we learn, that 'it 
contains sulphuretted hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, (gases,) 
sulphate, carbonate and muriate of lime, sulphate of mag- 
nesia.'*' By comparing this statement with the constituents 
of the Carroll Springs as ascertained by ourselves, you will be 
enabled to judge how far the expectation of the same beneficial 
results may be obtained from the use of the latter, which have 
long been experienced by the visitors at the former. 

Numerous sulphur springs exist in the state of New York, 
of many of which, the analysis has just been given in the 

* The author does not state upon whose authority this analysis is given, but as 
one or two pages farther on he states, that he witnessed Professor Rogers' expe- 
riments, it is fair to infer, that it was from that source he became acquainted 
with the composition of the water. 



18 ;.,^ 

annual report of Prof. Beck, to the governor of that state, for 
the past year. These springs we find ahnost precisely identic 
cal in their composition with the 'Carroll Springs,' 

As regards temperature, the undersigned conceive that, the 
'Carroll White Sulphur Springs,' have decided advantages, 
their temperature being so low, that beside furnishing a cool 
and refreshing draught, they are enabled to retain their gaseous 
contents much longer in state of combination. We found 
their temperature to be from 47° to 4S° Far. a most agreeable 
temperature for a summer drink, being several degrees cooler 
than the ordinary springs of this neighbourhood, which range 
from 53° F. to 55° F. To those who recollect the agreeable 
freshness of spring water, and the sensation of coolness, with 
which its draught is accompanied, it must at once be evident, 
that water from six to eight degrees cooler, will provide a most 
grateful and refreshing means of allaying thirst. 

These springs were all found to~ contain carbonic acid gas, 
or fixed air, which contributes its peculiar pungency and seda- 
tive influence to the water. Owing to the presence of this gas 
too, the water is found to be what is called in familiar terms, a 
'light water,' terms designed to express that several glasses 
may be taken without any sense of oppression, such as is 
almost invariably experienced after drinking two or three 
glasses of common water in rapid succession. The carbonic 
acid gas, serves the purpose also, of rendering the earthy car- 
bonate soluble, thus communicating some antacid effect to 
the water. 

It is deemed proper to insert in this place, a statement of the 
flow of the waters, which was ascertained by actual measure- 
ment of spring, number two. Neither of the other springs was 
in a condition to enable us to ascertain their exact discharge. 
They were estimated, however, to furnish, each, an equal 
quantity with number two ; and as that was ascertained to 
discharge one gallon per minute, the whole number will fur- 
nish four gallons, an adequate supply for any number of guests 
which can ever be collected together. We have no means of 
comparing this yield with any other spring, except the Schooley's 
Mountain Chalybeate Spring, in New Jersey, which has for 
years been the resort of large companies from New York and 
Philadelphia, and which we find stated to yield six hogsheads 



19 

per diem. Now each of the Carroll Springs yields nearly 
twenty- four hogsheads in the same time, showing manifestly 
that no scarcity of water can ever be apprehended, how 
numerous soever the company of visitors may be. 

All these collateral facts having been stated, we annex 
the result of our analysis, showing the gaseous and solid con- 
stituents of these waters, as carefully ascertained. It has been 
already stated, that the water subjected to examination was 
obtained from spring, number two. 

Temperature, 47° F. to 48'^ F. 

Gaseous Contents. 

Sulphuretted Hydrogen, 
Carbonic Acid. 

Solid Contents. 
Sulphate of Magnesia, 
Muriate of Soda, 
Sulphate of Lime, 
Muriate of Lime, 
Carbonate of Lime. 

The temperature of the small spring of common water adja- 
cent to Sulphur Spring, number two, we found to be 48° F. 

We pass now to the consideration of the action of these 
waters upon the animal economy. We have already been 
compelled somewhat to anticipate this branch of the subject, 
and shall therefore, very briefly state, a few additional obser- 
vations respecting it. 

Practically we had no opportunity of judging of their effects 
except, that they produced upon one of the party that accom- 
panied us, a very prompt and decided diuretic action. Tradi- 
tion in the neighbourhood attributes great virtue to them, and 
from the analogy of their composition, to that of other waters, 
known by experience to possess decided beneficial action, we 
cannot but anticipate the relief or actual cure of many obstinate 
chronic diseases, if their use be persisted in systematically for 
a proper period of time, under judicious advice, and with due 
regard to regimen. 

Time alone can determine whether our anticipations in this 
respect will be realized, but we feel no hesitation in hazarding 
the assertion, that time will corroborate the opinion that these 



•■,20 ,.... ■.,....^;. 

.•,•••■"■;■ ./'■■■■'. '^'-^v^i/^.vi^' 

waters possess all the medicinal properties usually met 'with 
in White Sulphur Springs. We anticipate from them altera- 
tive, aperient, diuretic, and diaphoretic effects; and as all the^ 
adjuvants of.healthy climate, pure mountain air, beautiful and- 
romantic scenery, with healthy exercise and recreation, may' 
be obtained at these Springs, we can see no reason why these 
anticipations may not be realized, why the dyspeptic may not 
recover the tone and appetite, of which improper or imprudent 
excess may have deprived him; why the sallow complexioned 
son of the south may not lose the yellow hue which tinges 
his blood, giving evidence of diseased hepatic function ; and' 
why the sufferer from calculous and nephritic disease may not 
be relieved from the painful and distressing symptoms to which 
his frame is a martyr. 

Finally, we think we have satisfactorily shewn facts that 
should induce confidence in the effort which is about being 
made to bring forward these springs for public patronage. In 
our narration, we have studied neither ornament, nor effect, 
but have endeavoured, by a plain recital of what we saw, and 
a simple detail of our deductions to convey to yourselves and 
the public, the impressions which our visit, inspection, and 
analysis, have made upon our own minds. 

We feel confidence in the opinions already expressed re- 
specting the different subjects of inquiry proposed to us, and 
again assert that those who may be in the pursuit of health, 
or who wander from home during the summer months for 
relaxation and amusement, may find all these requisites amid 
the mountains of Allegany county, at the 'Carroll White 
Sulphur Springs.' 

All of which is respectfully submitted. 

WM. R. FISHER, M. D. 

Prof, of Chern. and Pharm. UniversUy of Md. 

GEO. W. ANDREWS. 

To Messrs. 

Wm. Carroll, 
Jacob G. Davies, 
James Harwood, 
Richard Caton, 
gustav w. lurman, 
John Thomas, 

Commissioners for carrying into effect the charter of the 
Carroll White Sulphur Spring Co. 

Baltimore, May n,\S38. 



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